LES ECOSYSTEMES DOMESTIQUES PAR L'HOMME DANS L'ANCIEN ROYAUME INSANA - TIMOR
EKO BAROTO WALUJO
| Abstract views: 472
| 
PDF views: 517
Abstract
Based on ethnobotanical data, agricultural practice and floristic analysis (simple and transect analysis), the author tries to evaluate human impact on vegetation cover. He attempts also to show that originally this environment consisted of two different types i.e. dry and humid, each of which corresponded to a certain floristic composition. There is a tendency for this difference in composition to decrease there where human interference is strongest,i.e. on land under cultivation. It is difficult to verify that there is any part of Insana that is not influenced directly or indirectly by human intervention. It is evident that the practice of slash and burn has had the strongest influence on the transformation of the vegetation cover.However, we have to consider also that the introduction of Bah cattle to this territory has had a great impact on the modification of the environment. Meanwhile there is a tendency to increase the number of species or varieties of economic plants, in particular food plants.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
AUDLEY-CHARLES, M.G., 1973. Paleoenvironmental significance of Chert in the Franciscan Formation of Western California: Discussion Concerning the significans of the chert in Timor. Geol. Soc. America Bull. 5 (84): 863-368, 2 fig.
AVE, J.B. 1978. Un precede de labour original en Indonesie. J. d'Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl •125-131.
BACKER, C.A. & BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK JR., R.C. 1963. Flora of Java. Groningen Wolters-Noordhoff. 1: 1-648.
BACKER, C.A. & BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK JR., R.C. 1965. Flora of Java. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff. 2:1-641.
BACKER, C.A. & BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK JR., R.C. 1968. Flora of Java. Groningen Wolters-Noordhoff. 3: 1-761.
BARRAU, J. 1962. Lesplantes alimentaires de I'Oceanie. Ann. Mus. Col., Marseille. 275 p.
BURKILL, I.H. 1966. A Dictionary of the Economic Product of the Malay Peninsula. 2 vol.,2444 pp. Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Agruculture & Cooperatives.
CLAMAGIRAND, B. 1980. The Social organization of the Ema of Timor; James J. Fox (ed).The flow of life: essays of Eastern Indonesia. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.: 134-151
CUNNINGHAM, C.E. 1965. Order and change in an Atonidiarchy. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 21: 359-383. Fox, J.J. 1977. Harvest of the palm: ecological change in Eastern Indonesia. Cambridge,Mass.: Harvard Unversity Press. 290 pp., index, bibl., tabl., fig., cartes, photos.
FONTANEL, J. & CHANTEFORT, A. 1978. Bioclimates of the Indonesian archipelago. Inst.France de Pondichery. Travaux de la Section Scientifique et Technique 16: 1-104.
FRANCILLON, G. 1967. Some Matriarchic Aspects of the Social Structure of the Southern Tetun of Middle Timor. Ph. D. Thesis, Austr. Nat. Univ., Canbera. 478 pp., bibl.,cartes, photos.
FRIEDBERG, C. 1969. Chasse rituelle, brolis et herbes a savane, d'apres les bunaq de llle de Timor. Science et Nature 92: 23-30.
-. 1971 a. L'agriculture des Bunaq de Timor et les conditions d'un equilibre avec le milieu. J. d'Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 18 (12): 481-532.
-. 1971 b. Apercu sur la classification botanique bunaq (Timor central). Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 118: 255-262. . 1974 a. Agricultures timoraises. Etudes Rurales 53-56: 375-405.
-. 1974 b. Les processus classificattoires apliques aux objects naturels et leur mise en evidence. Quelques principes metodologiques. J. d'Agric. Trop. Bot.Appl. 21: 313-343.
. 1982. Muk Gubul Nor, La chevelure de la terre, les Bunaq de Timor et les plantes. These de doctorat d'Etat es-lettres et sciences humaines. Universite ParisV. 5 tomes, 1857 pp.
-.1986. Classifications populaires des plantes et Modes de Connaissance. In:Tassy, Pascal. L'Ordre et la diversite du vivant. Fondation Diderot Fayard.
HAMILTON, W. 1979. Tectonic of the Indonesian Region. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1078:345 pp. HEEKLOTS, G. A. C. 1972. Vegetables in South-east Asia. London George Allen & Unwin Ltd. 525 pp.
JACOBS, M. 1974. Panorama botaniques de I'archipel malais (plantes vasculaires),Ressources Naturelles de I'Asie tropicale humide, Recherches sur les ressources naturelles 12, UNESCO.
KALKMAN, C. 1955. A plant-geographical analysis of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 4 (2): 200-225.
MARECHAL, et al. 1978. Etude Taxonomique d'un Groupe Complexe d'Espece de Genres Phaseolus et Vigna (Papilionaceae) sur la base de donnees Morphologique et Polliniques, Traitees par FAnalyse Informatique. Boissiera 28.
MARTIN, B., AND COSSALTER, C. 1975-1976. Les Eucalyptus des iles de la Sonde. Bois et Forets des Tropiques 163:3-25; 164:3-14; 165:3-20; 166:3-22; 168:3-18; 169:3-14; ill., cartes.
MEUER DREES, E. 1951. Distribution, Ecology and Silvicultural possibilities of the trees and shrubs from the Savanna — Forest region in eastern Sumbawa and Timor (Lesser Sunda Island). Communication of the Forest Research Institute, 33: 1-146. Balai Penjelidikan Kehutanan, Bogor, Indonesia.
METZNER, J.K. 1977. Man and Environment in Eastern Timor; a geocological analysis of the Baucau-Viqueque Area as a possible basis for a regional planning. Canbera: Development Studies Centre, Mon. Aust. Nat. Univ. 8: 1-380. + XXIX, fig. Cartes,photos.
MOHR, E.C.J. 1933. De bodem der tropen in het algemen, en die van Nederlands-Indie in het bijzonder. Medeelingen Koninklijke Vereeniging Kolonial Institut, Amsterdam 21: 31.
NGUYEN, V.T. 1979. Flora du Cambodge du Laos et du Vietnam. Legumineuses Papilionidee: Phaseolees. Lab. Phan. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat., Paris.
OLDEMAN, L.R., IRSAL LAS AND MULADI. 1980. The Agroclimatic Maps of Kalimantan,Maluku, Irian Jaya and Bali, West and East Nusa Tenggara, Contr. Centr.Res. List.Agric. Bogor. 60: 1-32. Central Research Inst. For Agric. Bogor-Indonesia.
ORMELING, F.J. 1956. The Timor Problem. A geographical Interpretation of an Underdeveloped Island. The Hague, Nijhoff; Groningen, O.B. Wolters.
PUESEGLOVE, J.W. 1968. Tropical Crops: Dicotyledones. London: Longman, 719 pp. index,ill.1972. Tropical Crops: Monocotyledones. London: Longman, 607 pp.,index, ill.
SCHMIDT, F.H. & FERRGUSON, J.H.A. 1952. Rainfall types on wet and dry period ratios for Indonesia, with New Guinea. Verhandelingen Kementerian Perhubungan, Djawatan Meteorologi dan Geofisik Djakarta, No 42: 2 vol. Climate maps (Java and Indonesia).
SCHULTE-NORDHOLT, H.G. 1971. The Political system of the Atoni of Timor.Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Institut voor Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde, No.60. The Hague, Nijhoff, xvi + 511 p., 33 photographs, 20 diagrams, 8 maps, bibl.(465), index.
SlMMONDS, N.W. 1962. The Evolution of the bananas, London: Longmans. 170 pp., bibl.,index.1976. The Evolution of Crop plants, London, New York: Longman.339 pp., fig., index, bibl.
STEENIS, C.G.G.J. VAN. 1950. The delimitation of Malesia and its main plant geographical divisions. Flora Malesiana, I, 1: lxx-lxxv, especially lxxib-lxxiia, map 20-26, Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff. N.V. st
TlNDAL, H.D. 1983. Vegetable in the Tropics. The Macmillan Press Ltd. 1 . Publicat, London. 533 pp. UNESCO, 1981. Ecosystemes patures tropicaux. Imprimerie des Presses Universitaires de France, Vendome. 675 pp.
UNESCO, 1984. Civilisations du riz. Courtier. Publication speciale de I'Unesco. Dec. 1984. 6 pp.
USHER, G. 1974. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable and Company Ltd.,London.
VON DER BORCH, C.C. 1979. Continent-Island arc collision in the Banda arc. Tectonophysics 54: 169-193.
WALUJO, E.B., 1985. Quelques aspects etnologiques des plantes alimentaires vendues chez les commercants asiatiques d Paris, en insistant plus specialement surcelles qui sont souvent utilisee par les vietnamiens. Memoire D.E.A. Biologie Vegetable Tropicale, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI). 84 p. + suppl. 34 photographies.
WALUJO, E.B. 1987. The agricultural System of the Dawan people in relation to conservation of Sandalwood. Symp. on the Conservation and Management of Endangered plants and animals. Biotrop. Spec. Publ. 30:199-203.
WHITAKER, T.W. & CULTER, H.C., 1971. Pre-historic Cucurbits from the Valley of Oaxaca Econ. Bot. 25: 123-127.
WHYTE, R.O. 1968. Grasslands of the Monsoon. Faber and Faber London.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.